Johannesburg, 17 Jun 2014
A new report from the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and sponsored by McAfee, part of Intel Security, shows the significant impact that cybercrime has on economies worldwide. The report, "Net Losses - Estimating the Global Cost of Cybercrime", concludes that cybercrime costs businesses approximately $400 billion worldwide, with an impact on approximately 200 000 jobs inthe US and 150 000 jobs in the EU.
The most important cost of cybercrime comes from its damage to company performance and to national economies. Cyber crime damages trade, competitiveness, innovation and global economic growth. Studies estimate that the Internet economy annually generates between $2 trillion and $3 trillion, a share of the global economy that is expectedto grow rapidly. Based on CSIS estimates, cyber crime extracts between 15% and 20% of the value created by the Internet.
Cyber crime's effect on intellectual property (IP) is particularly damaging, and countries where IP creation and IP-intensive industries are important for wealth creation lose more in trade, jobs and income from cyber crime than countries depending more on agriculture or industries of low-level manufacturing, the report found. Accordingly, high-income countries lost more as a percent of GDP than low-income countries - perhaps as much as 0.9% on average.
"Cybercrime is a tax on innovation and slows the pace of global innovation by reducing the rate of return to innovators and investors," said Jim Lewis, senior fellow and director of the Strategic Technologies Program at CSIS. "For developed countries, cyber crime has serious implications for employment. The effect of cyber crime is to shift employment away from jobs that create the most value. Even small changes in GDP can affect employment."
Economic impacts on both businesses and consumers
CSIS researchers found that the United States notified 3 000 companies in 2013 that they had been hacked, with retailers leading as a favorite target for hackers. In the UK, retailers reportedly lost more than $850 million to hackers. Australian officials reported that large scale attacks have occurred against an airline, hotel chains and financial services companies, costing an estimated $100 million. With proper protections in place, these losses could be avoided.
The report found that global losses connected to "personal information" breaches could reach $160 billion. Forty million people in the US, roughly 15% of the population, have had their personal information stolen by hackers. The study tracked high-profile breaches around the world: 54 million in Turkey; 20 million in Korea; 16 million in Germany and more than 20 million in China.
Part of the losses from cyber crime are directly connected to what experts call "recovery costs" or the digital and electronic clean-up that must occur after an attack has taken place. The McAfee-CSIS report discovered that while criminals will not be able to monetise all the information they steal, their victims must spend significant resources as if they could.
In Italy, for example, actual hacking losses totaled $875 million, but the recovery, or clean-up costs, reached $8.5 billion. In other words, there can be a tenfold increase between the actual losses directly attributed to hackers and the recovery companies must implement in the aftermath of those attacks.
Turning from losses to potential economic gains
Governments are beginning serious, systematic efforts to collect and publish data on cyber crime to help countries and companies make better choices about risk and policy. Improved international collaboration, as well as public/private partnerships are also beginning to show tangible results in terms of reducing cyber crime. Last week, 11 nations announced the takedown of a crime ring associated with the GameOver Zeus botnet.
"It's clear that there's a real tangible economic impact associated with stopping cyber crime," said Scott Montgomery, chief technology officer, public sector at McAfee. "Over the years, cyber crime has become a growth industry, but that can be changed, with greater collaboration between nations, and improved public private partnerships. The technology exists to keep financial information and intellectual property safe, and when we do so, we create opportunities for positive economic growth and job creation worldwide."
Report can be found at: http://www.mcafee.com/us/resources/reports/rp-economic-impact-cybercrime2.pdf
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